Learning and development strategy

Learning and development strategy Part A Learning and Development Strategy Learning and development is basically directed towards the alignment of training needs and career development of an employee. The basic purpose of the learning and development strategy is that you advance an employee skills and knowledge in such a way that will help in getting his job done and eventually to leads to overall organization performance. Combining both learning and development strategies, you actually create a link between them. That is you actually motivate employee to learn those skills which will help them in performing their job. Essential elements of learning and development strategy are: How a learner will learn the information? Which form of information input will a learner prefer? How a learner will draw meaning from the received information? What will be the preferred learning style of the learner? Differences in formal and informal learning techniques Informal learning Formal learning In informal learning there is no formal instructor involved in it. In formal learning you are directly directed by the instructor to learn a particular thing. In formal learning has no predefined objects and end results. Before the start of the formal learning, you have some objectives that clearly define the reason and result of the learning. Informal learning does not take place within a structured environment. Rather it is more of spontaneous nature. Informal learning usually happens with the frequency of experiences Formal learning takes place within a special arrangement within an organization. In informal learning you dont get any recognition or certificate for learning that knowledge or skill It results in achievement of special degree or certificate that actually certified that the recipient of this has learned a particular skill or knowledge. Informal learning may not be intentionally learned. It may happen unintentionally In formal learning, learner consciously and intentionally learns a specific skill. It usually happens through hit and trial process; through socialization when you interact with people you tend to learn different things from them unconsciously. Examples of formal learning are discussions, role playing, lecturers, simulations etc. Honey and Mumford learning style The learning ability of each individual varies from another individual. Learning styles determine the preferences of individuals in terms of how they focus on different types of information, particular ways of perceiving that information and how each individual understands that information (Sandra Penger and Metka TekavÄ iÄ , 2009). Honey and Mumford come up with different four learning style to examine differences in learning approaches. The four learning styles are: Activists Reflectors Theorists Pragmatists Activists Activist learners have short them orientation. Activist wants new experiences in their lives. Activists are more flexible and welcoming. They are more of adventurous nature and want to try anything new. They are ready to take decisions without thinking that what would be the results of that decision. They dont like to prepare before they take any action. Because of their short term orientation, they get bore easily and quickly and always look for new things as soon as pleasure from one activity decreases. They are risk taker who want to accept challenges but without thinking the possible consequences of those challenges. Reflectors Reflectors are considered as good and active listeners. When learner gain experience as an activist, then there is a stage to process those experience. They seek information from people both primary that with their own efforts and secondary that is from others. That is why reflectors do not engage or participate or provide information rather they are seekers and listeners of information. They dont quickly jump to conclusion. Rather they want to have deep understanding and insight of the information and like to think over and again. There fore reflectors are slow decision maker. They resist from taking decisions immediately before pondering into the collected information. Their purpose is to collect and analyze information as possible before coming to conclusion. That is these learners focus on gathering and thorough processing of information instead of drawing conclusions from it. Theorists Theorists are those learners who are more attracted towards theories, logics and principles. They tend to transform the learned information, being an activist and reflectors, into theories and come up with logical reasoning. Their way of analyzing any information or solving problem is that they go step by step and draw relationships or logics to grasp the big picture. That is why they are said to be vertical thinkers (Frank Coffield, David Moseley, Elaine Hall and Kathryn Ecclestone, 2004). They are more of perfectionist who wants discipline in their lives. That is why they go systematically, logically and rationally. Theorists are more of objective nature. Therefore they do not believe in subjectivity, gut feelings or intuition. They want logics and reasons to grasp the information. Pragmatists As theorist look for theories and logics to understand the information, pragmatists are one step forward. They want the practical implication of theories to grasp the information. As the name implies, pragmatist learners are more of practical and realistic in nature. They cannot assimilate any model theory or principal until and unless it has practical verification. Like activist they look for challenging wok and new ideas but it should be of practical nature. These types of learners want to try out the information they have learned once they get out of the learning institution. Activities that form part of the learning and development Case study Case study is one of the activities that form part of learning and development strategy. In this method learners are provided with situation that could be hypothetical or real. That situation or story includes the background, some supporting information and issue faced by a company or any organization around which the case study revolves. Learner has to solve the case study by providing possible solutions to the problem. Learner must be told that case study may not have one concrete solution. Rather its the property of the case study that a problem in case can be solved by many and different ways. Therefore each learner can have different solution for the case study. The focus on using case study as a learning tool is that how the learner approaches towards the solution, how much he understands the problem and what are the tools and techniques he has used to solve the problem. Harvard case studies are widely used in colleges and universities to improve problem solving and decision making skills of learners. On the job training (OJT) On the job training is especially applicable for small business. Its more appropriate when learner has to learn new technology. OJT can be done formally or informally. In formal OJT, there is a formal trainer, learners observes the teacher that what and how he is doing. Then after the demonstration, instructor will discuss the process of using orally. Then the learner will himself practice the learned skills and will get feedback and instruction at the same time. This process will repeat until the learner become master to it. Whereas in informal on the job training, there is no formal trainer, those who knows the technology can teach the learner whenever he requires. There is no formal practice of the learned skills or proper feedback of the performance of the learner. Mens Wearhouse is practicing formal on the job training in which they have trained trainers and they are responsible for the development of their trainees. Part B Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow hierarchy of needs theory was proposed in 1943 by Abraham Maslow in a paper A theory of human Motivation (William G. Huitt,2004). Maslow points out five levels of need that are the sources of motivation for every individual. This level of needs is presented in a specific sequence. If one level of need is satisfied, then individual will move towards another level of need. An individual will not move forward to another level of need until and unless the existing level will be satisfied. And this process will continue until a person reaches to most upper level. Different people will be motivated by different level of need at the same time. The five levels of needs are Psychological needs Safety needs Social needs Esteem needs Self actualization needs Psychological needs This is the primary level need of Maslow hierarchy of needs. It includes basic necessities of an individual that are food, shelter, water and other physical requirements. This level of need is the basic requirements of every individual and it must be met to move upward in need pyramid. Safety needs Safety needs includes protection, security both physical and emotional. Safety needs include financial security, health care, justice, personal security etc. If the physiological needs of an individual is satisfied then he will move for safety needs. For an employee safety need would be job security, justice in distribution of rewards by the company. Social needs Social needs include need for friends, relationships and belongingness. Every individual needs love and love by others. Esteem needs Esteem needs includes need for self respect, achievement, recognition, status, reputation. All individuals have tendency to engage themselves in such activities that results in recognition and value to enhance their reputation and gain a status among the group. Self actualization needs Self actualization needs includes need for growth and to satisfy the drive of becoming what one has capacity to become. This is the most upper level of need hierarchy. Any individual will reach to this stage, when the lower levels of needs will be satisfied. If pervious level of needs will be satisfied, then an individual will realize its inner potential and will try to become what he can be. Critical analysis of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory The crux of Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is that each level in hierarchy must be satisfied before you go to the next level. In business world, managers adopted this theory to motivate their employees. Motivating employees is a big challenge for managers in any organization. Managers not only motivate their employees to get their job done but they motivate their employees to perform their job in such a way that leads to both employee and organizational productivity. So Maslow theory gives basis to how to motivate employees. Managers have to determine that which need level is more important to an employee. Sometimes managers only focus on physiological and safety needs to motivate employees in terms of salary and job security. But manager must keep in mind that if you want outstanding performance from the employees, then you have go upward and focus on upper level of needs like esteem and self actualization need. Merely monetary incentives are not sufficient to motivate employees but recognition in public, raising status, promotions, career advancement also encourage employees and wok as a token of apprecia tion for the employees. It also gives signal to the employees that company value the contribution of employees. Criticism on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is based on intuition and has no scientific reasoning behind it to support the argument. Maslow hierarchy of needs is not applicable in all culture. For instance, some culture gives importance to esteem needs than social needs. Some culture emphasizes social needs then over self actualization. According to Nevis (1983), Chinas primary need is belonging need and there is no esteem needs in need pyramid. Moreover self actualization need for China in not realizing ones own potential, but being collectivist country, the meaning of self actualization for them is to serve the members of the society. Implication of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Apart from criticism, Maslow hierarchy of needs theory has an implication on HR practices. Through this theory, managers can design the framework to determine how to motivate employees for better performance. For instance you can arrange lunch breaks, define rest hours and enough salary and wages so that employee can have their basic necessities of life to fulfill their physiological needs. In safety needs, managers must provided safe and sound working conditions in which workers can work easily and there is low level of hazards. Managers must design pension plans, retirement plans and gratuity to help employees after their retirement age. In social needs, managers must design groups or teams to which employees can associate them. In esteem needs, managers must recognize the contributions of their employees not only by giving them monetary rewards. But employees must be rewarded on basis of total reward management concept which includes intangible rewards as well like recognition program, certificates, gifts etc In self actualization need, managers can give career advancement opportunity to employees by giving them more challenging work, sponsoring them for higher education etc

Commentary on Henry Handel Richardson(TM)s The Getting of Wisdom Essay

In this extract taken from Henry Handel Richardson’s The Getting of Wisdom, the author uses Laura’s perspective to present a scene in which a group of schoolgirls are seated and lectured in front of the rest of the school, of which one girl in particular, Annie Johns, is publicly called upon by their principal and accused of theft. The text is composed of six paragraphs, of which only one is dialogue, followed by a lengthy seventh paragraph. Told in the third-person, the entire excerpt is rich in descriptive language, enhanced by the use of alliteration and cleverly selective vocabulary, so as to achieve an attention-grabbing and detailed description of the characters’ thoughts and feelings. I find that Richardson is able to create a serious and tense atmosphere, evoking a suspenseful mood as should be the case for such an incident. In the opening paragraph of this extract, Richardson introduces the characters and sets the scene. The poor quality of the desks, ‘blackened, ink-scored, dusty, with eternally dry ink-wells’, indicates that the girls are possibly studying in a lower-class school where a higher standard of education environment is not available. Although Tilly, Inez and Bertha’s names are mentioned, it is made clear that Laura is the central character as we are given a detailed idea of how she feels. Richardson brings the reader into the intense atmosphere immediately, and apart from the literal description of Laura’s ‘flushed’ face, her difficulty of breathing and her cold hands and feet, further detail is added by the use of alliteration and shrewd phrasing. The consonance of the letter ‘f’ in ‘The cheeks of the four were flushed’ not only lets us imagine the pale colour of the girls’ faces but also picture the girls as they bite their lips in anticipation. This idea is brought to mind when Laura moistens her lips. The repeated use of the letter ‘w’, in ‘while the others only whispered and wondered’, forms a particular shape of the reader’s mouth, dissimilar to the shape of a smile. The fact they are whispering and wondering also suggests that there are matters at hand that need to be kept secret to oneself, and the writer is encouraging the reader to keep reading. In addition, we are given the first glimpse of Richardson’s use of placing a short clause at the beginning of his sentences. Using the word ‘But’ at the beginning of a sentence in line 4 is grammatically incorrect, but the author writes in this specific way to augment the reader’s idea of the nervousness the girls are feeling. Also to increase the tension, Richardson employs em dashes to create caesuras (that is, deliberate pauses). Consonance using the letter ‘f’ is used for the second time in the beginning of the second paragraph. ‘The first foregoing minutes’ recalls the picture of the girls’ lips, and the mention of the ‘foregoing minutes’, once more, attracts the reader to keep reading. Although silence is already present, Richardson makes a point of stressing the utter quietness, and exaggerating any noise that can be described, as minimal as they may be. This is done carefully when the writer describes the sound after Mr Strachey enters the scene as ‘an ominous hush’, the sounds of whispering and Laura’s trouble in breathing and when Mr Strachey raises his hand ‘to enjoin a silence that was already absolute’. This marks the beginning of a lot of light being shed on these characters. In line 11, the way in which Laura suddenly grows calm contrasts with the emotional nature of Bertha’s character later on, and this may show that Laura is less easily frightened or anxious and that she has the ability to keep her composure in uncomfortable situations. It is interesting to know that her calmness allows her to clear her mind of all anxiety and ‘take note of everything that passed’. Her calmness is vital for the reader to continue to understand and perceive the event as we are given her view, and the reader can appreciate Laura’s observance and self-control. The reader can also appreciate Richardson’s clever manipulation of this character’s perspective. As for Mr Strachey, him being labelled as ‘The Principal’ gives the impression that he has no need for a name in this current situation. The title is impersonal and implies that he is strictly being professional now. This formal occasion is also accentuated by the tidy arrangement of the desks, as unsanitary as they are, and the use of words and phrases such as ‘culprit’, ‘a few introductory remarks’ and ‘the present case’, relating the school-situated theft to an actual court case. Richardson then allows the reader to know Mr Strachey is somewhat of an authoritarian. This is suggested by Mr Strachey’s decision to raise his hand for silence that the writer vividly describes as ‘already absolute’ and his way of ordering Annie Johns to stand up. ‘†Will Miss Johns stand up!†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ is a question in strict linguistic terms, but the exclamation mark indicates that it is a command and not an inquiry. Bertha’s description adds a certain fearful quality to Mr Strachey’s character as Bertha cries from an overwhelming sense of panic. Probably the most outstanding use of alliteration is the consonance using the letters ‘b’ and ‘h’ in ‘Bertha †¦ the unhappy’ in lines 16 to 18. The letter ‘b’ generates a dramatic sound as we imagine Bertha releasing her emotions, and the letter ‘h’ produces a sort of sobbing noise that is gradually reduced like the actual use of the letter ‘h’. Last of all, Annie Johns is described as ‘pale and silly-looking’. Everything from the impersonal disregarding of her name, to the metaphor associating her with a small hunted animal, to the portrayal of her unattractiveness and insanitariness, characterize her as an unappealing person to sympathize for just judging by her appearance. Richardson’s use of the letter ‘s’ in the words, ‘stood’, ‘silly-looking’, ‘stared’, ‘Strachey’, ‘stares’ and especially the image created by ‘the snake’, foreshadow the crime that is to be addressed soon. The sounds created by the words, ‘mouth’, ‘fallen’, ‘half’ and ‘fear’, emphasize (yet again) the biting of the lips and the changing shape of the mouth. When we reach the last paragraph in line 25, all the components established in the previous paragraphs come together as Richardson uses punctuation, consonance and figurative language to vividly portray the scene and assign actions to the names and faces of the characters we are now familiar with in this particular extract. Laura’s ability to pay close attention to her surroundings is referred to as she is described as being unable to ‘take her eyes off the scene’, ‘fascinated by [Mr Strachey’s] oratory’ and ‘appreciating [Mr Strachey’s] points’. Richardson mentions lips again and this time, they belong to Mr Starchey. Particular phrases such as ‘the Principal passed on to the present case’ and ‘He made it all live vividly before her’ create a cacophonous effect and the reader may visualize Mr Strachey has he speaks dramatically, perhaps spitting as he enunciates too. Earlier, Mr Strachey is said to be speaking in a ‘low, impressive tone’ and Laura’s admiration of his rhetoric highlights this as well. Information concerning Laura herself is minimal, but we find out about her by observing Richardson’s skilful way of letting us into her perspective without actually writing in the first-person. The reader can know that Laura has the capability to recognize what the rest of the girls are going through by the way the writer talks about how Laura knows ‘what it was to be poor’ and understands ‘what it would mean to lack your tram-fare on a rainy morning’ (a brief instance of pathetic fallacy). Laura ‘could imagine, too, with a shiver’, to what extent the details of this crime could be revealed. When Richardson describes the lolly-shop as having ‘octopus arms’, and tells us that Laura is considering ‘if every one else agreed with [Mr Strachey]’, it indicates that Laura is imaginative, bright and deductive in her reasoning as she puts her observation skills in good use, and all of this suggests that her aptitude is possibly brought about by some difference between her attitude to education and the other girls’ approach. This extract was interesting to analyse and to see how a writer can use a character so captivatingly to direct us to what is significant in the actual plot. This includes the characterisations of Bertha, Annie Johns and Mr Strachey, as well as Laura, and the way in which Richardson applies alliteration to this text to create visual impressions. I guess I could say that I was fascinated by Richardson’s style as he made the scene and the characters all live vividly before me. I hung on his diction, appreciated his style and the clever way in which he worked up his climaxes. As grammatically incorrect as it is in saying this, I feel I have certainly been ‘getting’ some wisdom.

Gap Analysis Global Communications Essay

All business ventures are associated with the occurrences of risk. This is a s a result of the unstable conditions that exist in the labor market and therefore an organization that thrives we’ll at one particular time can be caught in a fold in at another particular time. It is therefore, through the realization of this noble fact that the leadership as well as the management of any organization with a goal of a bright future to be keen about the advances in the technological advancements as well as new services that concurrently occur for the purpose of remaining competitive in the market. The simple practice responsible with keeping pace with the existing competition is just not sufficient for the purposes of the relevant results that are essential for the purposes of the maintenance of a position in the industry. It is of vital importance that for a company to remain at the top of others, the creation of an edge that is responsible for the separation of the company from competition should be cultivated (Ulijn & Judith, 2004). There has been a recorded trend in the increase in the level of competition in the telecommunication industry as a result of a continual advent of services as well as technologies in the field of telecommunication. The companies using cables for the purpose of offering services in the communication sector have been in advantageous position in as far as the provision of complete solutions to communication problems to the customers. For a period of about three years in the past, Global Communication was thriving very well in the market, having to trade at $28 for every share of the company. However at the current the company has been adversely affected by the issue of competition. In the consideration of the financial distress which has had the consequences of competition of a standard that is overwhelming, the senior leadership of this particular company are subjected to some developments that are responsible for the plans responsible with the restructuring the company for the purposes of its re vitalization. There is a need for the consolidation of the company’s standards of ethics with excellent implementation due to the level of the risk that has been posed to the integrity of the company. The new plan has brought about some ethical dilemmas which requires some evaluation in line with the competency with which the senior leaders of the company are cable to communicate to the stakeholders matters related to the plan, the groups as well as individuals with a positive interest with respect to Global Communication and the perception of other individuals in as far as the plan is concerned (Andrews, 2000). Analysis of the situation: The identification issue as well as opportunity There has been a drastic depreciation in the stocks of Global Communication to a tune of 50% that has been recorded for a period three years back. At the same time the company has been exposed to a very high degree of competition. For the purpose of the future survival of the company in the industry of communication, there is a requirement for completely new as well as attractive services that aim to seek ways to reduce the costs of operations while at the same time increasing the profits of the company (Hoft, 2002). The consideration of the relevant motives that are responsible for the resolution of issues and the best decision making is a requirement. The process of decision making, the management of the knowledge, the consideration of the needs of the employees as well as the coordination, and lastly the communication in the workplace are all significant for the best performance of the organization. The potential abilities of the individual employees to work in coordination for the purpose of the achievement of the goals of the organization are of crucial importance with regard to the success of the organization. Economic issues of importance are confronting Global Communication thus requiring collective efforts towards the restructuring of the company. The plans that are at hand also face some difficulties with regard to their communicating to the employees. The reputation of the company with regard to the treatment of the employees is quite favorable and therefore ruining this reputation is not to the interest of the company due to the value imputed to them as a vital component in as far as the company is concerned (Hoft, 2002). The concern of the stock holders of the company is the speculation of the possibility of the company returning to the initial status since the company is locally marketed and therefore this is an issue of paramount importance for consideration. It therefore implies that the best choices possible are a requirement for the purpose the achievement of the best solution (Ulijn & Judith, 2004). Conclusion There are great changes that are taking place in the industry of telecommunication. The cable companies with the potential use of the computers the television as well as the telephone services have moved into the market offering complete packages of solutions to the customers with the effect of the reduction in the margins of profit as well as the market of the old companies in the industry.This requires the application of creative as well as drastic solution, a situation that Global communication is facing today. References Andrews, D. (2000). Business and Communication. New York: McMillan. Hoft, L. (2002). International and Technical Communication. New York: John Wiley Ulijn, M. & Judith B. (2004). Communication and Business Technology. Switzerland: Peter Lang.

Police Can Not Prevent Crime - 883 Words

This module was very interesting. Each author of the various articles had a distinct focus of what they thought the role and function is of policing. The general impression I received from these readings was that police cannot prevent crime. The police to a very small extent can prevent crimes from being committed or not, but there are many more factors that influence whether crimes are committed or not. â€Å"†¦what the police do in attempting to achieve one objective may well affect their capacity to carry out another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Goldstein, 1977).The police have so many differing, uncooperative, competing roles (e.g. crime prevention, order maintenance, law enforcement, use of force, etc†¦) that don’t have the same goal in mind always. Police can only try to keep up with all their functions and roles they have been saddled with. Goldstein (1977) mentions in his article that â€Å"police are the only agency available seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day t o respond to a citizen’s need for help- other than to fight a fire or repair a utility malfunction.† Meaning that police have best chance at providing crime through their presence on the street. The Patrolman mentioned throughout the various articles and focused on in Wilson’s article is part of the police who has best link to citizens in the neighborhoods and communities maybe deterring crime, but not necessarily preventing. The only realistic expectation you can gain from the police in terms of crime prevention in these articles is thatShow MoreRelatedCrime, Prevention And Reduction903 Words   |  4 PagesWhilst studying Crime, Prevention and Reduction, I have learnt about different strategies and theories which relate to policing and how crime can be reduced and prevented. There are many different agencies which work alongside the police to tackle crime. These agencies are; NHS Trust, counselling, local councils, and education services. There are also many different theories which I researched throughout this module which can help reduce crime. The theories which are related to policing are, hotspotRead MoreThe Most Important Role of the Police is to Prevent Crime854 Words   |  3 PagesThe Most Important Role of the Police is to Prevent Crime As Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the modern Police Force, stated in 1829: The police are the public and the public are the police. The police are only members of the public that are paid to give full time attention to duties that are incumbent upon every citizen in the interest of community welfare and existence. The Scottish police motto is semper vigilo meaning always watchful and the police are charged to guard, watch and patrolRead MoreVideo Surveillance : Stopping Crime Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesSurveillance: Stopping Crime The city of Northampton, England is no stranger to stopping crimes by video surveillance. Northampton was one of the earliest in England to install video surveillance after the bombing attacks by the IRA in the 1990’s. After the installment of the video surveillance system seventeen arrests were made in the first month and have successfully solved 85% of crimes in the city. This system benefited Northampton because it led to arrests and drastically lowered the crime rate 57% (GreerRead MoreEducation As A Social Institution1196 Words   |  5 Pagesrules and procedures that are set for meeting important needs in a society and as a result pattern social relationships and interaction. (Palmiotto Unnithan, 2011) Each society focuses on several vital needs that must be dealt with, so the society can survive and continue. Members of the society should channel use their sexuality for procreation. There are several institutions in the society. These institutions include family, edu cation, the government, religion, and economy. Family is a socialRead MoreCriminality and Victimization Are Affected by Globalization1829 Words   |  7 Pagespolicies, and in promoting, coordinating and supporting crime prevention. On the other hand, personnel with different skills and roles in crime prevention, whether police officers, judges and prosecutors, probation officers, social workers, health service, researchers, civil society organizations and communities, all play an important role in crime prevention project development and implementation (Shaw, et al, 2010, p.xx). Risk of crime At the global level, countries are influenced by: majorRead MoreNeighborhood Watch Program : Prevent Criminal Activity1568 Words   |  7 PagesNeighborhood Watch program was designed to prevent criminal activity then reduces crimes in the neighborhood by unitizing the people in the neighborhood. The program will unitize people who will volunteer to observe the neighborhood for any criminal activity. The volunteers will pick certain times of the day and week to watch the neighborhood. In their duties, the volunteer upon noticing any criminal activates will then contact the local police department. The program will have a meeting that isRead MorePolice Methods And Strategies For Police Officers1505 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Strategies Police officers often employ various methods and strategies not only to combat criminal activities but also to ensure that the public is safe. These strategies entail beyond response to calls as a traditional method in the provision of service. In fact, they usually aim at crime intervention, prevention, as well as, effectiveness through the mechanisms such as efficient distribution of resources, community outreach, collection of criminal data, mapping of crime and location of suspectRead MoreThe Federal Government Should Fund the Police Forces1175 Words   |  5 Pages(Packman). One of the major causes of excessive use of force by the police is anxiety and rage brought on by low compensation. The police is a force that is meant to protect the people against threats, not to be a threat. Police are not compensated enough for the dangerous job they dedicate themselves to perform each day. The Federal Government should provide a safe environment to properly maintain a lawful country. W hen police do not perform their job correctly, the environment is not safe. ThereforeRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Long Run Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesComposition II 122 Professor Rezac November 19, 2016 â€Æ' During the 1950s-1970s, police officers were setting forth policing strategies that are now known as â€Å"traditional policing† (FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2004). Traditional policing has been characterized as a method of responding to crime after it is committed. Over the years, major changes began making their way into the law enforcement field that affected the way that police officers did their job, like radios being put into the vehicles. With theRead MoreDiscrimination And The Criminal Justice System1297 Words   |  6 Pageshappens everywhere, yet police and prosecutors are blind to it. Their ways of preventing crime are discriminatory in every sense of the word and they categorize people based on their skin color and where they reside. The disproportionate minority contact with the stop and frisk method is one of the ways that discrimination can be seen. â€Å"Code of the Street† and â€Å"Law and Disorder in Philadelphia† help dissect why discrimi nation is not seen by police and their agencies and also how police officers and their